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This month Managing IP reveals the results of part one of the world's most detailed and authoritative survey of the IP market. Following five months' research, in this issue we list the leading firms in patent prosecution and contentious work in 65 jurisdictions

The recent High Court ruling in Monsanto Technology LLC v Cargill International SA & Another [2007] EWHC 2257 shows how the UK courts construe patent claims covering genetic material and genetic sequences.

A sound mark is a non-traditional mark (such as scent, taste, texture and moving-image marks) where sound is used to perform the trade mark function of uniquely identifying the commercial origin of products or services.

Long before John Locke's natural rights theory was used as a basis for granting a monopoly over intellectual property in continental Europe, and long before the founders of the United States drafted their constitution to allow Congress the power to "promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive rights to their respective writings and discoveries", Islamic Sharia established principles to protect intellectual property.

Amanresorts Limited and Amanresorts International Pte Ltd (Amanresorts) are two companies under the umbrella of the Amanresorts Group. Amanresorts are the owners of various trade marks comprising the word "Aman" and/or the prefix "Aman" including "Amanusa" around the world (but their "Amanusa" mark in Singapore was not renewed at the relevant time). Amanresorts operate many exclusive and luxurious hotels and resorts around the world and "Amanusa" is one of Amanresorts' exclusive high-end resorts in Bali.

The first high-speed railway constructed by Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation (THSRC) under the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model in Taiwan rolled into service in 2006. The high-speed train, called 700T in Taiwan, was built based upon the design of the locomotive used by the Japanese high-speed rail system, only with the stripes extending along both sides of the locomotive altered from pure blue to juxtaposed orange and black.

Colombia made an alcoholic move to Russia. To secure its position a trade mark application for rum was filed Ron Viejo de Caldas (application 2004723531 with priority date of October 14 2004). The application was rejected. The examiner stated in the rejection that the designation did not have distinguishing capability because it consisted only of non-protectable elements characterizing the goods. Indeed, Ron (rum) points to the name of the product, Viejo is old and de Caldas means from the province of Caldas

One of the most widely used instruments for the protection of intellectual property is the Paris Convention, which, is one of the oldest IP agreements (it was signed in Brussels on March 20 1883). This Convention brings together almost every country in the world and is used by many IP rights owners to get recognition of their rights in different countries from those where they were obtained or declared.

The Court of Appeal in Malaysia has considered the issue of what constitutes a person aggrieved in the context of the expungement of a trade mark from the register. This is of importance as section 45 of the Trade Marks Act provides that an application to rectify the register can only be done by "a person aggrieved".

On January 2 2008, a Decree was published in the Official Gazette in Mexico modifying several provisions of the Regulations for Health Consumables of the Health Law, concerning important issues for the pharmaceutical industry.