The success of the high-tech sector in Israel has been driven by many factors, including the vast pool of talented scientists, engineers and researchers, a dynamic venture capital market, a genuine entrepreneurial spirit and advanced academic institutions and their increasingly fruitful collaboration with industry. In addition, the role of the Office of the Chief Scientist (OCS) of the Israeli Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labour and its many programmes, and the effect of the Law for the Encouragement of Industrial Research and Development, 1984, as amended (the Law), the implementation of which the OCS oversees, have also played an important role.