On January 1 2004 a trade mark opposition procedure was first introduced in Benelux (an economic union between Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxemburg). Before that date conflicts between trade mark owners had to be solved in court, if a settlement proved not to be possible. The new system leaves ample room for amicable settlements, but if necessary a conflict can be resolved quickly and cheaply, and at an early stage. Of course appeal still remains possible before one of the three national courts of appeal.