On the last session day, October 8 2008, the Philippine Senate ratified the controversial Agreement Between the Republic of the Philippines and Japan for Economic Partnership (JPEPA). This agreement was signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and then by Japan Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi on September 9 2006, and required the ratification of the parliaments of both countries. Japan quickly approved it in December 2006. Having been objected to by different sectors, it took longer to obtain the agreement of the Senate. The JPEPA is the first bilateral economic pact for the Philippines, and was designed after the Japan-Singapore Economic Partnership Agreement (JSEPA), the first bilateral economic partnership agreement entered into by Japan and considered as a means to promote the economic relations of Japan with other ASEAN countries.