On April 30 2010, the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) published its 2010 Special 301 Report examining the application and effectiveness of intellectual property rights enforcement (IPR) by countries around the world. The USTR bases its opinion on submissions received from different groups, including lobbies such as the Pharmaceutical Researchers and Manufacturers of America and the International Intellectual Property Alliance, as well as non-governmental organisations (NGOs) like Doctors without Borders.