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All patent laws of major countries and regions of the world have set forth explicit requirements regarding the disclosure of the patent, which require that the specification in every patent application must disclose the invention clearly and completely enough for it to be performed by a person skilled in the art. This is one of the basic characteristics of the modern patent system and ensures that the public can finally benefit from granting the patentee a limited time of monopoly right.

Supreme Court decisions on the infringement of design rights are rare in Austria. In a recent case, the holder of a registered design setting out a grave light with a heart-shaped feature on its front sued a competitor for marketing an allegedly infringing product.

Many international trade mark owners face problems when designating the United States. Michael Leonard and Edward Brant explain how you can overcome them

Many brand owners are alarmed by the explosion in new gTLDs. But Brian J Winterfeldt and Philip D Karnofsky explain how, with the right strategy, they can be an opportunity

With six patent, one trade mark and one copyright case pending before the highest US court, what changes are likely?

Trade mark owners who want to tackle bad faith applications in Turkey have not always believed that the law is on their side. Now a new decision looks set to make their life easier, say Ugur Aktekin and Hande Hançer

Patent prosecution highways are becoming simpler and more popular. Applicants should consider starting with a PCT application and looking to the EPO first, argue Daniel Talbot-Ponsonby, Stephen Blake and Steven Pediani

Co-branding is being used to create some imaginative and successful alliances across a growing number of sectors. Bob Boad examines recent developments and assesses the implications for trade mark practitioners

Michelle Lee has been appointed deputy under secretary of commerce for intellectual property and deputy director of the USPTO. She is the replacement for Teresa Stanek Rea, who left the agency in November.The appointment has led to some speculation that Lee could eventually become the director of the USPTO, as well as questions about whether legally she could take it on given there is no director above her to appoint a deputy.

In deciding motions for preliminary injunction in a trade mark infringement case, courts have traditionally held that irreparable harm to a trade mark owner was presumed once a finding was made that that a defendant's use of the mark at issue is likely to cause confusion. The US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, however, in the case Herb Reed Enterprises, LLC v Florida Entertainment Management, Inc, recently broke away from past precedent and took a different approach to the standard for granting injunctive relief in a trade mark infringement matter.