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The Law on Industrial Property of June 30 2000 regulates legal aspects of trade mark protection in Poland (the Official Gazette of 2001, No 49, item 508, including amendments). As regards penal regulations concerning trade mark protection, they are contained in Title 10 of the aforementioned Law. The above quoted Title 10 specifies the crimes that are committed most frequently in respect of industrial property. Article 310 of the Law on Industrial Property provides for the existence of a general rule that perpetrators who commit the crimes specified in the said Title 10 can be prosecuted only on condition that victims file the motions for prosecution.

Another round in the battle over the famous marks Bud and Budweiser has ground to a halt at the steps of the House of Lords in the UK.

? Japan: The US Polo Association has appointed Mitsubishi as its official trade mark licensee in Japan. Mitsubishi will concentrate on selling sportswear bearing the Association's trade marks.

PCT applications Most popular categories for PCT applications Swiss watchmaker Swatch was the most prolific user of design protection in 2002, according to WIPO.

To fulfil its obligations under the Convention of Biological Diversity, conserve biological resources, enable their sustainable use, provide for equitable benefit sharing and check biopiracy, India has enacted the Biological Diversity Act 2002.

The importance of some biotech inventions makes them strong candidates for compulsory licensing. Reinhardt Schuster and Clemens Rübel examine when such licences can be granted and contrast the approach taken in different countries

Many countries in eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa are rushing to improve trade mark protection to meet international standards. The recent changes introduced in Russia demonstrate why such reforms are needed

In recent years courts in the US have extended trespass to chattels and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act to online databases. Jonathan Band warns that this could threaten constitutionally imposed limits on the ownership of information

A new amendment to New Zealand's Patents Act excludes from patent infringement actions concerned with obtaining regulatory approval there or elsewhere. The change threatens the rights of patent owners and could achieve more than the government intended, warns Tim Jackson

Michael Lantos and Imre Molnár, patent attorneys with Danubia in Budapest, analyze the changes introduced in Hungary by accession to the EPC, and discuss an important recent case on pharmaceutical patents