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The Law on Industrial Property of June 30 2000 regulates legal aspects of trade mark protection in Poland (the Official Gazette of 2001, No 49, item 508, including amendments). As regards penal regulations concerning trade mark protection, they are contained in Title 10 of the aforementioned Law. The above quoted Title 10 specifies the crimes that are committed most frequently in respect of industrial property. Article 310 of the Law on Industrial Property provides for the existence of a general rule that perpetrators who commit the crimes specified in the said Title 10 can be prosecuted only on condition that victims file the motions for prosecution.

Due to the new criteria applied by the Supreme Court of Justice by means of the Thesis: P Lxxvii/99 International Treaties, international treaties are categorized above the federal laws, and placed immediately under the Constitution.

? Japan: The US Polo Association has appointed Mitsubishi as its official trade mark licensee in Japan. Mitsubishi will concentrate on selling sportswear bearing the Association's trade marks.

Lucien Enescu and Melania Radulescu, of Rominvent in Bucharest, analyze the latest amendments to the design law in Romania, which bring protection into line with international standards

Unlike its rival Arsenal, Tottenham Hotspur has won an important victory in defending its brand. Ingrid Hering examines the issues raised by the case

In recent years courts in the US have extended trespass to chattels and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act to online databases. Jonathan Band warns that this could threaten constitutionally imposed limits on the ownership of information

Many countries in eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa are rushing to improve trade mark protection to meet international standards. The recent changes introduced in Russia demonstrate why such reforms are needed

Sam Mamudi, New York

Enforcement continues to be a challenge for trade mark owners in Asia. While some have all the legislative help they can use, others are still labouring with old laws. Protection is just not the priority it needs to be. Ralph Cunningham reports

In Société de Produits Nestlé SA v Unilever plc (December 18 2002, Jacob J), Unilever applied to register two trade marks relating to Vienetta ice cream, one with white wavy structure on top (the white mark) and the other with dark wavy structure (the dark mark).