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Bruce Proctor has global responsibility for all IP matters at premium drinks company Diageo. He tells Ingrid Hering about the challenges of protecting a brand portfolio that includes Smirnoff, Baileys and Guinness

Interview: Judge Arjen Meij, Court of First Instance With an increasing number of Community Trade Mark cases reaching the European courts, Stéphanie Bodoni asks judge Arjen Meij from the European Court of First Instance how well the system is coping

A local farmer's appeal to Canada's Supreme Court in a case involving agribusiness leader Monsanto could set the limits of patent holders' rights. Sam Mamudi examines the dispute

Ralph Cunningham, Hong Kong

A case that will decide how to calculate the length of patent protection for new medicines in the EU has been referred to the European Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling.

Readers of this column will recall that we published an article last year indicating that the French government was studying a proposed revision of the 'Lois sur la bioéthique'. The draft bill contained an article 12bis, which unambiguously indicated that "the sequence or partial sequence of a gene is not patentable". If adopted, the French law would have been in complete contradiction with the EU Biotechnology Directive (Directive 44/98/CE).

Section 10 of the German Patent Act defines the constituent elements of contributory infringement as follows: a patent has apart from prohibiting direct infringement the further effect that a person not having the consent of the patentee shall be prohibited from supplying or offering to supply within the territory to which the Act applies a person, other than a person entitled to exploit the patented invention, with means relating to an essential element of such invention for exploiting the invention, where such person knows or it is obvious from the circumstances, that such means are suitable and intended for exploiting the invention. This does not apply when the means are staple commercial products, except where such person induces the person supplied to commit acts of direct infringement.

Korea has become the 57th country to join the Protocol relating to the Madrid Agreement concerning the International Registration of Marks (Madrid Protocol) by depositing an instrument of ratification of the Protocol with the WIPO on January 10 2003. As of April 11 2003, three months after the instrument of ratification was deposited with the WIPO, the Madrid Protocol entered into force in Korea. Upon joining the Madrid Protocol, obtainment of a trade mark registration in Korea for foreign applicants is possible in two ways. An applicant can designate Korea as one of the target countries in his international application. Otherwise, he can file a separate national application to the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO).

The act of using a registered trade mark for the designated goods of that registered trade mark usually constitutes an act of infringement when performed by a third party with no direct rights thereto. Such acts are naturally subject to injunction and damage compensation. However, the case is not so clear-cut in the situation where the third party is importing trade marked goods which are genuine articles manufactured by one having the right to use the trade mark and legitimately purchased in another country (so-called parallel importation). In 1970, the Osaka District Court made it clear that parallel importation of trade marked goods may, in some circumstances, not constitute infringement. Similar decisions have since been issued by other lower courts.

The island of Puerto Rico has failed to convince a WIPO panel it should have the rights to the disputed domain name puertorico.com.